Depression doesn’t always look the same. While many people associate it with deep sadness or fatigue, it can vary greatly in duration, intensity, and cause. Recognizing the different types of depression can help individuals—and their loved ones—better understand symptoms and find the right path to care.

Also known as clinical depression, this is the most recognized form of the condition.

Key features:

• Persistent low mood nearly every day

• Loss of interest or pleasure in most activities

• Changes in sleep and appetite

• Fatigue, guilt, and hopelessness

• Symptoms lasting two weeks or more, interfering with daily life

MDD may occur once or recur in multiple episodes throughout life.

Take Our Free Depression Self-Check Quiz

Also called dysthymia, this is a long-term form of depression that lasts for years.

Key features:

• Low mood for two years or longer (one year in children/teens)

• Symptoms are milder than MDD but more chronic

• Low energy, poor self-esteem, and indecisiveness

• Symptoms fluctuate but rarely disappear entirely

Some people experience both chronic low mood and major episodes—known as “double depression.”

Despite its name, atypical depression is quite common and shows distinct patterns.

Key features:

• Temporary mood improvement after positive events

• Increased appetite or noticeable weight gain

• Excessive sleeping (hypersomnia)

• Heavy-feeling limbs or fatigue

• Sensitivity to rejection or criticism

Atypical depression often responds well to specific antidepressants or therapy types like CBT or interpersonal therapy.

Take Our Free Depression Self-Check Quiz

SAD follows a seasonal pattern, most often appearing during fall and winter when sunlight is limited.

Key features:

• Low energy and excessive sleep

• Weight gain or carbohydrate cravings

• Mood improvement in spring and summer

• Linked to circadian rhythm changes and low vitamin D

Light therapy, exercise, and medication can be effective treatment options.

PPD occurs after childbirth and is far more serious than the temporary “baby blues.”

Key features:

• Deep sadness, anxiety, or emotional numbness

• Difficulty bonding with the baby

• Feelings of guilt, inadequacy, or hopelessness

• Onset can occur weeks or months after birth

• Can affect both mothers and, less commonly, fathers

Prompt treatment is essential to protect both the parent’s and child’s well-being.

Take Our Free Depression Self-Check Quiz

This form occurs within bipolar disorder, not as a standalone condition.

Key features:

• Alternating periods of depression and mania/hypomania

• Depressive episodes mirror major depression symptoms

• History of elevated mood, impulsivity, or excess energy distinguishes it from MDD

Treatment focuses on mood stabilizers and psychotherapy, rather than antidepressants alone.

Take Our Free Depression Self-Check Quiz

A severe subtype of major depression that includes symptoms of psychosis.

Key features:

• Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t real)

• Delusions (false beliefs about guilt, failure, or punishment)

• Often requires a combination of antidepressant and antipsychotic medications

• May need inpatient care for stabilization and safety

Though rare, psychotic depression is a serious condition requiring immediate medical attention.